1	SmartPrim: Critical Thinking Presented by B. W. Duldt-Battey, Ph.D., R.N.
2	Critical Thinking Describing Phenomena Defining Concepts Logic Argumentation Dissemination Implementation Persuasion: A Leader without followers is not a leader. Reasoning Speaking Writing Influence
3	Role of Faculty Preparing Leaders for this new century. Leaders identify needs, change. Leaders use logic. Leaders persuade followers. Leaders have an influence. Leaders make a difference.
4	Defining Concepts Dictionary Derivation Synonym Antonym Operational Scope Exceptions Accomplishment Metaphor Analogies Authority Quotes Set of Elements Static Process Theories Research
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6	Defining, continued Level of Abstraction Level of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
7	Logical forms Disjunctive – either A or B Conjunctive – both A and B Conditional – if A, then B (causal)
8	Correlational Forms Direct ^ A, ^ B v A, v B ~ A, ~ B Inverse ^ A, v B or v A, ^ B
9	Deterministic Forms Given conditions C_1…C_n,if A, then B
10	Probabilities Form Given conditions C_1…C_n,if A, then B With probability of X
11	Relationship Between Concepts Theories A system of relationship statements Research Statements of hypothesis Principles Relates two or more concepts Law Structure of arguments & debate
12	Structure of Paper Introduction Purpose & Position statement Outline of body Body Three supporting aspects Counter-argument & rebuttal Conclusion
13	Evaluation of Paper Conceptual vs. Position paper. Objective criteria; Item present or not. Weighted factors. Reasoning. Opposition, reservations, qualifiers. Organization, clarity. Style manual.
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16	Position Statement Definitive – whether something is, was, or will be. Designative – answers questions of fact. Evaluative – what value something is, was, or will be. Activative – what should be accepted or be done.
17	Warrant Justification of act or belief. Bridges claim and evidence; Causes them to be associated with probability. Authoritative – expert statements. Motivational – why support it. Substantive – arguments arising from the substance itself.
18	Evidence Must be germane. Eager/ reluctant Must be believable. Pre-appointed or Real/personal casual Original/hearsay Direct/circumstantial Positive/negative Written/unwritten
19	Escape Hatches Reservations Unless vs. Always or never Qualifier Probability Presumably
20	Assessing Thinking Criteria “Its true because I believe it” or innate egocentrism. “Its true because we believe it” or innate sociocentrism. “Its true because I want to believe it” or innate wish fulfillment.
21	Assessing Thinking Criteria,cont “Its true because I have always believed it” or innate self-validation. “Its true because it is in my vested interest to believe it” or innate selfishness.
22	Wisdom & Decisions Is my thinking: Clear? Accurate? As precise as it needs to be? Relevant to the issue? Too narrow or one-sided?
23	Wisdom & Decisions, Cont. Is my thinking? Dealing with the complexities of this issue or problem? Too narrow or one-sided? Logical? Focusing on what is most significant? Taking into account the multiple perspectives I need to consider?
24	Scholarship Discovery – 1^st to know, see, to be aware of what is happening. Integration – New analysis of parts for new perspective, insights. Application – Use of intervention in clinical practice, remedy. Dissemination – Publish, teach, lead.
25	SmartPrim Documents Computer Assisted Instruction Disk/CD © TX 4-938-004 Student Computer Tutor Handbook © TX 4-830-169 Instructor’s Manual © TX 4-901-047 Available from ASK Data Systems http://www.askdatasystems.com./ 1-800-292-7211